Volt-ampere meter



lA Au I v v" D. J. ANGUs vom AMPERE METER Orlgmal Flled Jan 27 v LEUI March 30 1926.

'fact on aineter disk.

excited to field.

rasata ne. se, 192e.

Y'DONALD J.ANGUs, or mnIANAromsmnrAnA, AssIGNoR To wn'srrncrrousn Enric;

'Tmc sa MANUFAcrURrNGcoa/IPANY,

a oonPoRA'rronor PnNNsYLvANrAL 'voLT-AMPERE METER', l

Application ined January'zv, 19252, serial Nb, 532,9?,c-gnnewed June'as, 41925,

,To afl whom t may] concer/n:

Be it knownthat I, DONALD J. ANcUs, a citizen of the United States, residing` at Indianapolis, in the ,county of Marion and State of ndiana, have invented a new and useful Volt-funpere 'Meten of which following-'is a specification. d I l t It is the object of my invention to measure the the vclt-amperes of-an alternatirig-currentl circuit. 7 t

In practicing my inventioml provide va to the ciirreiitiof an alternating-current. cir

cuit, and one of them, the armature, being producev a rotating or shifting lVith the arrangement abovefbriefly described, the rotating-field amnaturel flungdi.-`

. mdes where itpasses from the-armature into the iiellfniagnet poles, part` the flux passing through the field magnet fromone pole lthereof to the other without cutting., the

disk, while #the other part lvcuts the meter disk in the saine yway as',V donesthe `fieldn'iagnetflux. y v. Y f

This latter part of the armature flux is in quadrature with that armature ,flux which passes directly from the armature through the meter disk. AsV a result,the-armature flux has an effect on the meter disk entirely independent of the field-magnet flux, and will produce a movement of thermeter. disk even though the field-magnet flux4 is reduced to zero` This effect is lcompensated forv by opposing that part of the armaturev flux which cuts the disk' at themagnet poles byv a magneto-motive lforce substantially equal thereto. I do this by placing coils which surround the path of the armature fluX which cuts the disk at? the magnet poles,

Vsuch coils conveniently being either on the poles of the eld magnet or on a reluctancereducing .member which I preferably v.provide on the opposite side ofthe meter'jdisk from the actuatorpropergand I excitetliese coils from a generating coil 'suitablymount#A arrange this last-named coil,andprol`aortion the several `coils, thatgthe inagneftoinctive i forceproducedhby:the coils will kbe in substantial opposition, and; ofsubstanti'ally theV propermagnitude, to nullify'A the armature `flux tending to out the disk 'at the. magnetvk 1 holes.V I 1 v. L

As a resultxof4 the above describedconstruction, the armature rotatablyl shifts upon changes in the power-factor of the circuit to. maintain a fixed'phase relationshiplbe-y tween thefields of the field magnet vand the armature,l and to 'thus-maintain fa fixed phase relationship between the fluxes which` `cut the'ineter disk and areproduced by such field magnet and armature respe'ctively.,`

The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention: Fig. l is a perspective view,

vin seini-dia`grammatic forin,"of an integrating three-phase volt-ampere meter-embody- Aingmvinvention, infa preferred form, with the electrical 'connections Ydiagraminatioallyyrl-^ vention, with a fragment of the (associated the parts,f` with. y thel fluatfop'posng' coils mounted t on fthe reluctancefreducing finem-v ,,indicated;Fig. a semidiagrammatic face, viewof an actuator embodying :my 1n-v lineterdisk, with' theV fluxiopposii'igcoilson the field-magnet'y poles; Figsisr fragmenals The meterfhas onefoi" morey actuators,

showing one.

ments of the several actuators are connected to `different current-phases as indicated in Fig. l. It is necessaryto vdescribe only a 'hereinafter described, lfor moving a meter l element. vThese,maybe, varied in number, Y Fig, l' showing three actuators and" Figa?. y The actuators, when more than one is used, are preferably all`ralike,v f

,save thatjthe current .,(or the voltage)I elesingle actuator, in whiclrI. shall assume the v*armature to have thejvoltaggifev windingand lthe field magnet the vcurrent winding, with theVV windiizugv producing a rotating field O ,nV

the armature. f

Such actuator hasia2 field magnet an exciting winding Y11"here connected, through a current transformer 12 as shown,

to carry a current ,proportional to that inV a;

legk of; the .alternatingburrentcircuit '13, f .sliownas a three-phase circuit.v Betweenifgif Y p the two poley pieces-14 a 1d, ll5 the field ed so that a voltage is inducediin it fromamagnetV lOis an arma-ture 16, mountedY `so the rotatinfr'viield oft-,he-y armature' Vand so V'11() Y 3 y 7 v This armature is here provided with excit- 'voltage of the circuit 13, 'as

ing windings excited in proportion to the shown through a voltage Ytransformer 18. vThese exciting "windings are divided into three parts19,

' 20, and 21, in proper relation to produce a rotating field, which is` assumed tok rotate in vthe directionY of the arroii1 in `Fig.'2.

'lfhe'connections' shawn are for a threephase circuit, but may be modified for cir-y Vcuitswith different numbers of phases.

Arranged in 4proximity to the pole pieces l121 and 15 of the field magnet 10, and to the armature 16 ata .point 25 midway between` Y,tiverelation toy the pole pieces 14 and 15 and,

such pole pieces, lis a meter disk 26,'st-ill rcferring lto the specific embodiment of my ,invention shown. This meter Vdisk is in inducso that eddy currents' are inthe disk' opposite, theV pole pieces`14f and 15 7 f and the point-'25,.

' The disk 26 is any suitable meter disk, for, an integratingfor an in i .dicating orV a recording meter as desired,bcf

ing` suitably mounted onVV pivot pins" 30, and. being shown in Fig.1 as having a pinionv31V Y byY which.v itmay be connected tointegrating 1 mechanism through suitableigearing.

disk 26 is restrained in `its movements,ordi-l 40 The narilyby drag magnets32vwhen theV d'isklfus'y an integrating meter as illustrated.

lnuoperation, the'armature 16 is free to move' on its Vairis 17, but doesnot completely vrotate thereon, merely changing position on its aXis as the relativephase position of the current andvoltage-that is, the power-factor-of thecircuitl changes. This change of positiony is such, by reason of the reaction between the magnetic 'fields ofthefield-magnet and the armature, that the voltage-produced magnetic'flur; ofthe rotating field will f be in line withthe current-produced mag# `neticfiuX betweenthe poles of the field magnet when the latter is at its maximum value, regardless of. the power factor. 'Consequently the voltage-produced linx at the point25 will beLV 90o out of phase with the current-produced fieldmagnet Vflux. In other words, the rotating field offthearmature isfalways kept,y in phasewith'the field. of the field-magnet" with respect to a line I through ,the poles.; of the field magnet rca 'l gardless of the power-factor .of the circuit,"

and so always in quadrature'with such field- V"magnet field withrespect to af line at right poles.

poles alternately,

tween angles tosuch line through the lfield-magnet In consequence Aof this, assuming the afield'l rotationv tobe in the direction ofthe arrow, there is a progressive pole travel, of the two from the pole piece 14% to the point 2 5 'and then lto the pole.' piece15. Thepoint 25 is a pointinspa'ce on the armature midway between the twol pole pieces 14 and 15, regardless ofthe position the armature itself takes, and the progressive pole travel referred to takes place uniformly for all positions the armature may assume, and Y Vregardless of the power-factor of the .cir-

cuit 13. Y

Thisprogressive pole travelzpulls forward the meter disk 26, inthe Vdirection of such 'pole travel. Thisy pull lis due to the fact thatthe eddy currents inthe disk around points beneath pole pieces 111y and 15 are in quadrature` with the fields of such pole pieces, and therefore in phase withthefield at the point 25, with which latter'field such eddy currentsv react; and to'v the fact that the eddy currents in the disk around a point beneath the point 25 are in quadrature with the field atsuch point'25, andvtherefore in phase with thefields of the pole pieces 141 and 15, with whichk latter fields such eddy currents react.- Both of these lreactions tend to pull the disk 26 forward, and'both. of

them are proportional to the volt-amperes the circuit 13.v

` When nocurrent is passing through the i 'l "'coils'11, but 'vohagel is applied to the wind ings 19, 20, and 21, the-"flux producedA by the -v armature in the line between the field-magnet'poles willtend to divide. Part of it Y :passes Vthrough the coilsY rr11,v following' the same' pathtak'en byfthe flux'vproduced by such coils when excited.' Another'part ot it, however, tends to pass from one pole piece (say 14) downward through the disk 26 into the member 28, along such member.V and back throughV the disk 26 int'othe other field-magnet pole pieces (here 15). YSince it ris generated in the armature in the line between theffield-vmagnet pole pieces, this flux,

iio

if not compensated for would 'be 90o/out of phase with the flux passing thro-ugh the disk 26 below the point 25 rand ypole member 27, vwith the result that even without any current-produced field there wou'ldbe a progressive pole travel such as above; refered to.

Vand this progressive` pole travel, produced by the voltagecoils alone, would cause a torque on the meter disk 26. f

To compensate Vfor this effect, I provide coils 40 which maybe variously located, asV

on'thepcle pieces .14and 15, as is shown in ',Fig. '2, lor onthe end fingers 29 of the member 2S, as is shown inFigb. These coils are, conveniently connected in series. with i each other, though not necessarily so; and theyare connected to be supplied from a v ngenerating 'coil 41. The coil l1 is arranged ,to bec'ut by a lux produced by the armature k16 in the line ofthe point 25', or in quad- A'voltage induced in the coil 4l will rof phase withl they flux i producing it, and

rature to that produced by suchl armature inthe line between the two po-les of the :fieldmagnet. This is 4conveniently done by monntingthef coil ll onv a middle pole l2 progecting from lthe cross piecey ofthe iielde "magnet l0 midway" between ytlie vmain.` pole pieces, asis clearfrom'tliev drawing. The be 90 out since such flux is 90 out of phase with'that p artof the `v'olt'age-produced iiux tending to cuttlie disl;`l at the `v`magnet poles, the voltage and resulting current produced in thecoil el will be "substantially in lphase with the latter flux. T he voltage produced by the coilel is applied to the coils 40, which .arey .wound in thef'properdirection so that the magneto-motiveforce thereofisin op- .position'to Vthat part of the armature flux which` tends toV causerotat'ion of the disk withzerol currentinftlie field magnety co-ils.

A rlieostat 43 in series .witlithe coils l0 and I claim as my invention: l. A volt-ampere meter, comprising a fieldmagnet, a rotatable armature associated A tion between the field flux and the armature iiux cutting said meter element, and means for opposing-the passage .of the armature l, flux from the pole pieces of the field'magnet therewith', the windings of said field-magnet and said armatureV being responsiveV one to voltage and 'the other to current, and the" windings of the armature being arranged to vproduce arotatingfiield, a movable meter element in position tol be acted on-by the magnetic fields oi both said field-magnet v andsaid armature, y the association of said field-magnet and said -rotatable armature v being such that their vrelative` movement maintains a substantially 'fixed phase relaiiito-said ineterelement.

2. A- volt-ampere meter, comprising field-magnet, a rotatable armature associated therewith, the'windings of said field-magnet andsaid armature being responsive one to `voltage and the other tof current, and theV windings of the armature being arranged to produce a rot`ating-field, .a movable meter element in position 'to be acted o n 'by Vthe magnetic fields of both'said field-magnet and said armature, the association of said -fieldmagnet and said rotatable armaturebeing such that their relative movement maintainsl `a substantially fixed phase'relati'on betweenr 'other.y ,y 3."Av`olt-ampere meter, comprising a fieldg .cut by Vtwo armaturey flux A,witlifeach other; i Y ,y

6. A volt-amperemeter, comprising Ymeans f u the field flux' and the larn'iaturev `'flux cutting l said fmetertel'ement, and means for preventing said meterelement' from being cut bytwo armature fluxes/:lnA .quadrature with each magnet, al rotatable!armature.. associated Y 1' therewith, .the v`windings-vof said lieldfmagnet and said-.armature.beingfresponsive one to f voltage: and f the. yother to. current .andI the windings of the armaturebeing arranged to producev a: rotating-field,ak movable meter element inz positionto be acted' onbyi the magnetic fields lof both said.fieldemagnetand said. armature, the association of saidV field-,f .magnet and 'saidrotatable armature-being such that Atheir relativef movement maintains f asubstantially, fixed phase relation between the field flux and the armature flux cutting said' meter element, .ai generating coil arranged to be, excited l byg armature, vfiux in '.1 quadrature Vwith-the :field-magnet flux, `and oneor morewindings excited from said gen- 'erating coiland v.opposing-fthe passageinto said'.meterelement of armaturej f luxjin phaser with said ield-magnetflux.

i volt-ampere Vmeter, ficomprisingfa field-magnet, a rotatable armatureassociated therewith, the windingsjoi said field-.magnet and said armature being vresponsive one-toi v0ltage,and the ,otherto current, and the windings of 4the armaturerbeing larranged t0 produce va. rotatingfield, La; movable meter element in 'position v,to lbfefaeted, on by the magnetic fields Aci both said fieldmiagnet and `said ari-nature, tliel association of said field- ."fmagnet-and said rotatable armaturebeing :such that theirrelativemovementfinaintains a substantially fixed phase relation between the field fluxy and v`the armature flux. cutting said vmeter element, agenerating coily arranged to beexcited by flux in .quadrature with the fieldfmagnetfiux, and vone-orv more lwindings excited from said generating coil and VVopposing the' passagev into said meter elementof armature flux in Vphase with said iield-magnet flux.

respectively to the voltagev and lto the cur- 5. A volt-ampere meter, comprisingmeansv V for producing two magnetic fields responsivey h5 rent of. an: alternatingcurrent circuit, at

least one "of lsai'd iields [being a rotating ield, and vfor moving the field-,producing meansofone of said two fields relatively to lthat of the .other on l.variations in the power? factor off the circuit to substantially maintain. a fixed phase relationsliipbetween said two fields regardless of such variations; a meter element in position to` beacted on by bothsaid fields; and means vfor substantiallyV preventing said meter I element from being es out of phase for producing two; magnetic fields responvsive respectively tosthey voltage and to the 4current of an laitei'nating-current circuit, yat

least Vone of `said vfields being a rotating field, 'said field-producing.means being arranged so' that the two magnetic fields react upon 4each other; topic-duce relative movement of the lfield-produ'cing means of one fot said two fi-'eldsrelatively to that 'ofthe other on V- variations in the power-factor of the circuit to .substantially maintain a fixed phase .relationship 'between said two fields regardless Hot such variations.; a metereiement in position to be acted on by both said fields; and

means 'for substantially preventing said A 'meter :element from being cut by two armature fluXesSOo out off phase with each other. A volt-fainperermeter,comprising.means tor'producing ltfwo .magnetic fields responsive respectively to the .voltage and to thercur- 'rent of an alternating-'current circuit, at

least one 'of sai'd iields 'beingfa rotating field;

Ya meter eiei'nent .in position to .have both Vsaid fields induce in it current-'s .which react respectively vwith the other "field from that 'c for producing two magneticiields responsive respectively "to the voltage andfto the 'current 1V yof an alternatii'igQcurrent circuit,` Vone offsaid factor 'of said circuitgf-a meter element in position-to be vacted on by bothsaid iirelds;`

` fi'eld's beingadvan'ceable l'and 4retardable to coin-pensate for variations in vthe powerand v'means for substantially 'preventing said meter element from being acted fon by two fluxes ltroni -tihe sameffield 'in quadrature with each other. Y v' I 9; Af volt-ampere meter, comprising irelativeiy inevabl'eA windings, one )of said windings being responsive to"voltage'1and :an-

--element when 'one of 'the `other to Ycurrent and one'of` the windings be-V ing arranged to produce ashifting field to cause said relative movement, a mov-able Ymeter element in position' to be acted on by theinagneticfields of windings, the as-k sociation of said windings being such that relative movement thereof maintains fiuX from one of the windings cuttingsaid meter element in .fixed phase rela-tion vto fiuX from another thereof` cutting said meter element, f and means for preventing movement of the windings is de- 'element when one of the energized. Y

10.. A vvolt-ampere sponsive respectively to theV voltage and to the s current of an alternating-current scir-V v y meter, comprising means for producing twoniagnetic fields re- Y cuit, at least one of said fields being a shift-j y ing tie-ld, thefield-producing' means .being movable relatively tu each other inresponse c .to power-factor chan-ges :to: .maintain said fields .in fixed-phase relation, .and acometer element in' position to be actedony b y :saijd fields and. movable only ,in response to the co-oper-ative effect thereof.

ll". A voltfan'ipere meter comprising ya winding energized i-afffected only .in proportion te the voltage ,rot a circuit, Va winding energized and .affected only yin Vproporjtio-n to the current Aof said circuit, a movablev meterelement, Vsaid windings and element havingdirect vinteracting ,flux relation and c being constructed Land rel-ated to maintain i Y l fluxes of the windings for lactuatingthemeter elementl in fixed phase relation lirrespective Vof changes in the phaserelation .bei tween thefcurrents traversing the windings yand mea-ns tor preventing movement ot the f windings is de'- energized. Y

I In witness whereof, I 'have hereunto set hand at Indianapolis, Indiana, this 25th Sti day of January, A., .Di one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two., V ,v y v DONALD-J. ANGUS. l 

